Contribution

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Economic model

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Main theoretical tenants

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#REDIRECT [[Stigmergy]]

Economic model

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Business model

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Example of business models

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Economic models and sources of livelihood

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 First, please consider the notion of [[value]], then come back to read further.
-The possibility of stable, sustainable open networks at global-scale is no more questionable, they exist in almost all spheres of human activity. The poster child of this movement is the [[Bitcoin]] network. There are reasons to criticize some of its features and even its path of development since its launch in 2008, but there is an architectural pattern of this network-type organization and of its economic model that is prefigurative of the ''p2p economy'':
+The possibility of stable, sustainable ''open networks'' at global-scale is no more questionable, they exist in almost all spheres of human activity. The poster child of this movement is the [[Bitcoin]] network. There are reasons to criticize some of its features and even its path of development since its launch in 2008, but there is an architectural pattern of this ''network-type'' [[organization]] and of its economic model that is prefigurative of the ''p2p economy'':
 * [[Property]] - The network's infrastructure is not under the ''private'' of ''public'' [[property]] regime, it is a [[nondominium]], i.e. it belongs to no one, but anyone has [[permissionless]] access, under a given set of rules that are immutable (baked into the protocol).
 * [[Transparency]] - Everything about the network (the code or software on which it runs, functioning metrics, development activities, wallets, transactions, etc.) are accessible to anyone.
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-If we listen carefully to [[Ronald Coase]], we can understand why ''open networks'' are possible. In essence, the Internet '''reduces [[transaction costs]] among economic [[agents]]'''. We join other individuals into an arrangement, we join [[organizations]], or we centralize to reduce the costs of transactions, so that we have more to gain than if we operated independently. But Coase still talks about [[firms]] and [[markets]], not about [[networks]]. In some sense, he says that individuals can operate as independent freelancers, transacting on the open market, if the cost of transactions are sufficiently low, so that no extra advantage can be gained by operating within an organization.
+If we listen carefully to [[Ronald Coase]], we can understand why ''open networks'' are possible. In essence, the Internet '''reduces [[transaction costs]] among economic [[agents]]'''. We join other individuals into an arrangement, we join [[organizations]], or we centralize to reduce the costs of transactions, so that we have more to gain than if we operated independently. But Coase still talks about [[firms]] and [[markets]], not about [[networks]]. In some sense, he says that individuals can operate as independent freelancers, transacting on the "open market", if the cost of transactions are sufficiently low, so that no extra advantage can be gained by operating within a closed organization.
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 * On the one hand, the ceiling rises, meaning large firms can grow even larger without becoming inefficient.
 * On the other hand, small firms are becoming more competitive because they can handle the complexities of larger markets.
-This decline in transaction costs is a key element in the organisational transformations of the last three decades, creating today's environment where very large global players and relatively small companies can compete in global markets. Yet, a moderate decline does not affect the basic structure of production as being organised through firms and markets.
+This decline in transaction costs is a key element in the organizational transformations of the last three decades, creating today's environment where very large global players and relatively small companies can compete in global markets. Yet, a moderate decline does not affect the basic structure of production as being organized through firms and markets.
-: Shirky develops this idea into a different direction, by introducing the concept of the '''''Coasian floor'''''. Organised efforts underneath this floor are, as Shirky writes,''"valuable to someone but too expensive to be taken on in any institutional way, because the basic and unsheddable costs of being an institution in the first place make those activities not worth pursuing"''. Until recently, life underneath that floor was necessarily small scale because scaling up required building up an organisation and this was prohibitively expensive. Now, and this is Shirky's central claim, '''even large group efforts are no longer dependent on the existence of a formal organisation with its overheads'''. Or, as he memorably puts it, ''"we are used to a world where little things happen for love, and big things happen for money. ... Now, though, we can do big things for love"''. (http://www.metamute.org/en/content/analysis_without_analysis)
+: Shirky develops this idea into a different direction, by introducing the concept of the '''''Coasian floor'''''. Organised efforts underneath this floor are, as Shirky writes,''"valuable to someone but too expensive to be taken on in any institutional way, because the basic and unsheddable costs of being an institution in the first place make those activities not worth pursuing"''. Until recently, life underneath that floor was necessarily small scale because scaling up required building up an organization and this was prohibitively expensive. Now, and this is Shirky's central claim, '''even large group efforts are no longer dependent on the existence of a formal organisation with its overheads'''. Or, as he memorably puts it, ''"we are used to a world where little things happen for love, and big things happen for money. ... Now, though, we can do big things for love"''. (http://www.metamute.org/en/content/analysis_without_analysis)
 :  Imported from [https://wiki.p2pfoundation.net/Peer_Production P2P Foundation wiki]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 31 October 2026
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	As mentioned above, ''p2p economics'' can be interpreted as the institutional expression of [[complexity economics]], which sees ''economies'' as ''adaptive ecologies of interacting agents''.		As mentioned above, ''p2p economics'' can be interpreted as the institutional expression of [[complexity economics]], which sees ''economies'' as ''adaptive ecologies of interacting agents''.
−	''P2P economics'' proposes a practical institutional pattern for such ecologies: open participation, shared commons, stigmergic signals, contribution accounting, peer governance, and nondominium infrastructure. In this sense, OVNs are not just "alternative organizations." They are ''complexity-processing institutions''.	+	''P2P economics'' proposes a practical institutional pattern for such ecologies: open participation, shared [[commons]], [[stigmergic signals]], [[contribution accounting]], [[peer governance]], and [[nondominium]] infrastructure. In this sense, OVNs are not just "alternative organizations." They are ''complexity-processing institutions''.

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 '''ToDo: harmonize this with [https://substack.com/@indyjohar/note/p-196201224?r=4z0ku entrepreneurship stack]'''
-=Example of business models=
+=Example of business models patterns=
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 Pure models are rare; hybridization is the norm.
+==Open business models==
-[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1J_TfGXqWmeRDpiSMTKoI1nK1JH7CAFzJnVofpFG992k/edit#gid=92516243 See also open business models patterns.]
+[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1J_TfGXqWmeRDpiSMTKoI1nK1JH7CAFzJnVofpFG992k/edit#gid=92516243 See open business models patterns.]
 =Compatibility with open source and free licenses and culture=

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 ==Economic models and sources of livelihood==
-See more on [[Business models]].
+See more on [[Business model]].
 * Offer DIY kits (can be transactional kit sales) that provide required vitamins (non-digitally manufactured components) to build a particular tool (Zimmermann, 2014; Gibney, 2016).

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