Property - Revision history

TiberiusB: /* Complexity economics notes */

2026-03-13T07:48:29Z

Complexity economics notes

TiberiusB: /* Complexity economics note */

2026-03-13T07:25:00Z

Complexity economics note

TiberiusB: /* Various forms of property */

2026-03-13T07:18:17Z

Various forms of property

TiberiusB: /* Property rights */

2026-03-13T06:57:49Z

Property rights

TiberiusB at 06:56, 13 March 2026

2026-03-13T06:56:09Z

TiberiusB: /* Necessary conditions for property to exist */

2025-11-09T19:47:01Z

Necessary conditions for property to exist

TiberiusB: /* Necessary conditions for property to exist */

2025-11-09T19:46:23Z

Necessary conditions for property to exist

TiberiusB: /* Types of goods */

2025-10-28T22:48:24Z

Types of goods

TiberiusB: /* Various forms of property */

2025-10-28T22:47:41Z

Various forms of property

TiberiusB: /* Property and organizations */

2025-10-28T22:39:26Z

Property and organizations

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:48, 13 March 2026
Line 182:		Line 182:

	The [[NDO]]'s Holochain DHT architecture provides the technical foundation for Nondominium governance at scale; encoding the regime explicitly in the data model closes the loop between the technical guarantee and the social norm.		The [[NDO]]'s Holochain DHT architecture provides the technical foundation for Nondominium governance at scale; encoding the regime explicitly in the data model closes the loop between the technical guarantee and the social norm.
		+
		+
		+	Property regime matters because it encodes the relationship between the resource and its community. A Nondominium resource cannot be captured, enclosed, or removed from the commons, this is a hard guarantee built into its governance validation rules. A Commons resource can be governed into restriction by its stewards. Individual-owned resources can be withheld. The economic consequences of each regime are profound and should be permanent attributes of the resource's identity, not mutable governance settings.

	=Praxix=		=Praxix=

@@ Line 173: / Line 173: @@
-=Complexity economics note=
+=Complexity economics notes=
 Property regime is not merely a legal classification, it shapes the entire economic topology of flows. A resource under the Nondominium regime cannot be enclosed, which is a stronger guarantee than a Commons resource (which can theoretically be privatised through governance capture). The [[NDO]]'s capture-resistant design is philosophically aligned with the Nondominium regime, but this should be formally encoded in the data model.
 =Praxix=

@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 ** '''[[condominium]]''' - division of a resource into parts that are privately owned, with some [[governance]] required to preserve the whole (infrastructure, support structures, overall integrity, etc.).
 ** '''[[nondominium]]''': doesn't need the protection of the state or a powerful entity.
-** '''toll goods''': in economics, also known as club goods or quasi-public goods, are goods that are excludable but non-rivalrous up to a point. This means people can be prevented from using them if they do not pay (excludable), but one person's use does not reduce availability for others, at least until congestion occurs. Examples include toll roads, cable TV, cinemas, and private parks.
+** '''toll goods''': in economics, also known as club goods or quasi-public goods, are goods that are excludable but non-rivalrous up to a point. This means people can be prevented from using them if they do not pay (excludable), but one person's use does not reduce availability for others, at least until congestion occurs. Examples include toll roads, cable TV, cinemas, and private parks. These goods typically have low marginal costs and are often provided by natural monopolies. To manage access and cover costs, providers exclude non-payers, such as through toll booths on roads or software encryption. Toll goods can be provided publicly or privately, but because they tend to create monopoly power, governments often regulate or publicly provide them to prevent inefficiency and monopoly abuses. The challenge lies in balancing exclusion costs, user fees, subsidies, and regulating monopoly rents associated with toll goods.
 These goods typically have low marginal costs and are often provided by natural monopolies. To manage access and cover costs, providers exclude non-payers, such as through toll booths on roads or software encryption. Toll goods can be provided publicly or privately, but because they tend to create monopoly power, governments often regulate or publicly provide them to prevent inefficiency and monopoly abuses. The challenge lies in balancing exclusion costs, user fees, subsidies, and regulating monopoly rents associated with toll goods.
 =Necessary conditions for property to exist=

@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 =Property rights=
 From Wikipedia: “Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to ''consume'', ''alter'', ''share'', ''redefine'', ''rent'', ''mortgage'', ''pawn'', ''sell'', ''exchange'', ''transfer'', ''give away'' or ''destroy'' it, or to ''exclude'' others from doing these things, as well as perhaps to ''abandon'' it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it (as a ''durable'', ''mean'' or ''factor'', or whatever), or at the very least exclusively ''keep'' it”.
 =Praxix=

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:56, 13 March 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Property is about the relationship between agents and things ([[resources]] or a [[processes]]). These relationships are institutionalized, meaning that they are codified as norms or rules or laws, are made public and are widely accepted by everyone in a social setting.	+	Property is about the '''relationship between agents and things''' ([[resources]] or a [[processes]]). These relationships are institutionalized, meaning that they are codified as norms or rules or laws, are made public and are widely accepted by everyone in a social setting.

	As Jeremy Bentham pointed out, ''property'' is not an object or thing, but a relationship: the bundle of rights and obligations which connect the subject individual to an object, such as land (real property) or increasingly, knowledge (intellectual property). While there are many types of rights and obligations, this proposal identifies four key classes of stakeholder rights:		As Jeremy Bentham pointed out, ''property'' is not an object or thing, but a relationship: the bundle of rights and obligations which connect the subject individual to an object, such as land (real property) or increasingly, knowledge (intellectual property). While there are many types of rights and obligations, this proposal identifies four key classes of stakeholder rights:

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:47, 9 November 2025
Line 131:		Line 131:
	\|}		\|}

−	Nondominium is neither public nor private. The conditions for it to exist is to have extremely high costs of control, making it virtually uncontrollable by any entity, not even by nation states. Thus, the nondominium form of property doesn't need protection. Examples are the Bitcoin network, ~~The~~ surface of the Moon, the amazonian forest for the local indigenous tribes, etc.	+	'''Nondominium''' is neither public nor private. The conditions for it to exist is to have extremely high costs of control, making it virtually uncontrollable by any entity, not even by nation states. Thus, the nondominium form of property doesn't need protection. Examples are the Bitcoin network, the surface of the Moon, the amazonian forest for the local indigenous tribes, etc.

@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 * '''Conflict Resolution Mechanisms''': Effective commons management often includes local or community-based mechanisms for resolving conflicts and ensuring compliance with community rules.
 |}
 Public property, while sharing some similarities with private property, operates under a different set of conditions due to its communal nature. Here’s how the conditions differ or apply specifically to public property.

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 After redefining ''rivalrous/non-rivalrous'' as degrees of ''subtractability'' between ''subtractable'' and ''non-subtractable'' (i.e. subject to ''depletion'' through use or not), Ostrom proposes four types of goods.
-* Public goods (low excludability and low subtractability),
+* '''Public goods''' (low excludability and low subtractability),
-* Private goods (high excludability and high subtractability),
+* '''Private goods''' (high excludability and high subtractability),
-* Toll goods (high excludability, low subtractability), and
+* '''Toll goods''' (high excludability, low subtractability), and
-* Common pool resources (high subtractability,  low excludability)
+* '''Common pool resources''' (high subtractability,  low excludability)
 While goods types intersect ''ownership'' types they are not identical. Goods types exist whether or not a property regime does. For example a ''common pool resource'' may be owned as government property, private property, community property of no one at all (Ostrom quoting Wantrum and Bishop). For example a public good with no one at all owning it would be consistent with Common Heritage of Mankind (high seas, space, Antarctica) in the Westphalian tradition. The more recent discussions around the [[commons]] may fit into a ''public good'' or a ''common pool resource'' that is owned by a community or government, or no one at all.
 =Various forms of property=

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 28 October 2025
Line 9:		Line 9:

	Property also has its psychological roots as attachment, possessiveness, security, need of control, self-identity, personal investment (time, energy, skills), sense of belonging, etc. People seek to satisfy their primary psychological needs by forming relations with other people concerning the access, use or control of things. These relations can also be formalized as between individuals and abstractions, such as the State. Once formalized as norms, rules or laws, they essentially instantiate rights of individual(s) over a thing. The notion is intimately related to the notion of responsibility, which speaks about limitations in exercising our rights over a thing.		Property also has its psychological roots as attachment, possessiveness, security, need of control, self-identity, personal investment (time, energy, skills), sense of belonging, etc. People seek to satisfy their primary psychological needs by forming relations with other people concerning the access, use or control of things. These relations can also be formalized as between individuals and abstractions, such as the State. Once formalized as norms, rules or laws, they essentially instantiate rights of individual(s) over a thing. The notion is intimately related to the notion of responsibility, which speaks about limitations in exercising our rights over a thing.
		+
		+	=Types of goods=
		+	See also [[Resources]] and [[Resource Types]]
		+
		+
		+	'''Pure private goods''' are both ''excludable'' (individual A can be excluded from consuming private goods unless paid for) and ''rivalrous'' (whatever individual A consumes, no one else can consume).
		+
		+	'''Public goods''' are both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. “ (Ostrom & Ostrom describing Samuelson)
		+
		+	Noting there is an implied quadrant made from these two dichotomies, this begs the question of how to label the other two quadrants (excludable and non-rivalrous (which Buchanan calls ‘club goods’), and non-excludable and rivalrous).
		+
		+	After redefining ''rivalrous/non-rivalrous'' as degrees of ''subtractability'' between ''subtractable'' and ''non-subtractable'' (i.e. subject to ''depletion'' through use or not), Ostrom proposes four types of goods.
		+
		+	* Public goods (low excludability and low subtractability),
		+	* Private goods (high excludability and high subtractability),
		+	* Toll goods (high excludability, low subtractability), and
		+	* Common pool resources (high subtractability, low excludability)
		+
		+
		+	While goods types intersect ''ownership'' types they are not identical. Goods types exist whether or not a property regime does. For example a ''common pool resource'' may be owned as government property, private property, community property of no one at all (Ostrom quoting Wantrum and Bishop). For example a public good with no one at all owning it would be consistent with Common Heritage of Mankind (high seas, space, Antarctica) in the Westphalian tradition. The more recent discussions around the [[commons]] may fit into a ''public good'' or a ''common pool resource'' that is owned by a community or government, or no one at all.
		+

	=Various forms of property=		=Various forms of property=

@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 =Property and organizations=
 [[Organizational structure]] greatly depends on the property regime(s) that it adapts, on which only a limited number of motivation and incentive systems can be design or implemented (see section above).
 =Praxix=