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| + | Welcome! |
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| + | Here we describe the [[OVN]] (open value network) model and its implementation in real-live ventures. We can also say that this wiki describes the economy of the [[4th sector]]. |
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| =Definition= | | =Definition= |
− | Open Value Network (OVN) refers to a new organizational framework designed to support [[commons-based peer production]]. This organization is by nature and from birth [[transnational]] (i.e. operating beyond the influence of [[states]]). | + | Open Value Network (OVN) refers to a new organizational framework designed to support [[commons-based peer production]]. This [[organization]] is by nature and from birth [[transnational]]. |
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− | It is the ''network'' that is ''open'', in the sense of ''permisisonless'' or unrestricted access to participation (to processes).
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− | OVNs rely on technology (digital infrastructures) to support their operations. They have no (or very few) formal mechanisms of [[power]] to allow centralization of control over their [[infrastructure]] that enables the activities of the network, although it is evident that they exhibit informal power structures. Examples are [[Bitcoin]], [[Ethereum]], [[Sensorica]], etc.
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− | More on [[What is an open value network?]]
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| + | More on '''[[What is an open value network?]]''' |
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| =Background= | | =Background= |
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− | The model was first proposed, developed and implemented by [[Sensorica]] affiliates to support ''material'' commons-based peer production (the production of material things by open networks). Sensorica was created in February 2011 - see [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixgp8_B9g5A the 2013 TEDx video presentation] by [[Tibi]]. | + | The model was first proposed, developed and implemented by [[Sensorica]] affiliates to support ''material'' [[commons-based peer production]] (i.e. the production of material things by open networks), in early 2011. Sensorica was created in February 2011 - see [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixgp8_B9g5A the 2013 TEDx video presentation] by [[Tibi]]. |
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− | Initially, the model evolved from the [https://sites.google.com/site/multitudeinnovation/home/discovery-network Discovery Network] model proposed by [[Tibi]] between 2008 and 2010. Between 2011 and 2012, the model was developed in collaboration by [[Tibi]], [[Steve]], [[Kurt]], [[Bayle]] and others, and drew from the work of [http://www.vernaallee.com/valuenetworks.html Verna Allee], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commons-based_peer_production Yochai Benkler], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Bauwens Michel Bauwens], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Shirky Clay Shirky], and others. After the summer of 2012, the ''network resource planning and contribution accounting system'' ([[NRP-CAS]]) was influenced by [https://plus.google.com/u/0/113885495827197979519/about Bob Haugen] who has been working in this area since 1995.
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− | From May 2013 to May 2014, [http://ca.linkedin.com/in/siddiquiyasir/ Yasir] worked on [http://sensoricablog.blogspot.ca/2013/11/blog-post.html a framework for open value network] in collaboration with other [[Sensorica]] affiliates. The OVN model was extended to ''network of networks'', in the context of the ''Open Alliance'' initiative also lead by [[Sensorica]], an attempt to federate open organizations in Montreal. In 2016 the [https://www.sensorica.co/projects/4th-sector/NOICE NOICE/Verdun project] built on the ''Open Alliance'' initiative, as a second attempt to bring the OVN model at a larger scale. The concept of [[4th Sector]] was also introduced during 2016.
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− | See more on [[OVN history]].
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− | Other [[organizations]] have adopted a model similar to Sensorica
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− | * [https://media.comakery.com/ CoMakery]
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− | * [http://www.collectiveone.org CollectiveOne]
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− | * [https://github.com/open-app/open-app-graphql-server Scuttlebutt]
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− | It should be noted that the OVN work will input directly into international ISO standards development, namely, ISO/IEC 15944-15 "Information technology - Business Operational View - Part 15: Ope Value Networks(OVN): Integrated perspective on Open-edi, eBusiness, blockchain and distributed transactions". The lead international ISO Project Editor : [http://broad.msu.edu/facultystaff/mccarthy/ Prof. William McCarthy], with Jake Knoppers as one of two Co-Project Editors. The international ISO standards committee responsible here is ISO/IEC JTC1/SC32/WG1 (where JTC1 = Joint ISO, IEC = Technical Committee on Information technology, SC = Data Management & Interchange, WG1 = eBusiness)
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− | =Definition through quotations=
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− | "''... blockchain technology and distributed ledger technology in general can facilitate the establishment and management of open value networks and value networks in general.''" [1]
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− | "''It is thanks to a platform on the internet that individual workers, motivated by the values of the peer to peer (P2P) or participative economy are involved in creating together innova-tions on distributed projects. In the context of participatory economics, this network illustrates new forms of cooperation, ways of managing collaborations based on the model of P2P, based on a partnership of shared values system.''" [2]
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− | OVNs are ''open'', they are also called [[permissionless]], i.e. access to participation is unrestricted, which means that anyone can become part of them without the need to go through a hiring process or to sign an employment contract.. The term ''network'' refers to a set relations between autonomous agents, which define their respective roles, including duties or responsibilities and rewards. Agents are called ''affiliates'' in the OVN model.
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− | These organizations attract attention and resources to sustain themselves through gamification, i.e a set of incentives that are formally and directly linked to contributions and performance.
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− | "''Our thesis is that in order to reward all the participants in p2p [peer to peer] economic activity, and thus to incentivize contributions and make participation sustainable for everyone, we need to do contribution accounting: record everyone's contribution, evaluate these contributions, and calculate every participant's fair share. This method for redistribution of benefits must be established at the beginning of the economic process, in a transparent way. It constitutes a contract among participants, and it allows them to estimate their rewards in relation with their efforts. We call this the contribution accounting system.''"[3]
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− | The OVN model has been applied to open source scientific hardware development [4].
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− | "''Open value networks, or OVNs, are voluntary, consensus-driven systems for measuring and valuing the in kind/ energy and financial contributions even the smallest ones (to make them visible) of each of its participants. Such systems are a growing trend among digital communities, according to a 2016 P2P Value study, which found that 86 percent of the 300 digital communities it studied use open value accounting systems.19 An “open value network” – a term first introduced by Verna Allee – describes “the connections between companies and the channels through which intangibles move between them.” An open value network is more distributed than conventional value chains, and not necessarily hierarchical.''"[5]<br>
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− | "''The organizational model of Sensorica has been identified as an ‘Open Value Network’ (OVN). An OVN has been developed as a generic organizational and business model apt to enhance and support CBPP. It is highly adaptive, fully de-centralized and governed through distributed decision-making processes and resource allocation. Inspired by the practices exemplified by free and open-source projects, it supports open participation, with low barriers of entry and is designed to empower permissionless individual action through open knowl-edge and transparent processes.''" [6]<br>
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− | "''An OVN is a generic organizational and business model, apt to enhance and support commons-based peer production. It can take various forms and can be adapted according to each context (Siddiqui & Brastaviceanu, 2013). OVNs allow individuals and organizations to create common value in an open environment, while keeping account of the different contributions in a common ledger system. All assets are commonly held by the network and the co-created value is distributed equitably within and beyond the network.''"[7]
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− | ''References'' | + | More on '''[[OVN history]]'''. |
− | * [1] [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8910187 Blockchain Value Networks; 2019 IEEE Social Implications of Technology (SIT) and Information Management (SITIM)]
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− | * [2] [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2019.00029/full? Reimagining New Socio-Technical Economics Through the Application of Distributed Ledger Technologies]
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− | * [3] [https://r-libre.teluq.ca/1705/1/AJIBM_FINAL.pdf From Open Innovation to Crowd Sourcing: A New Configuration of Collaborative Work? Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay, Amina Yagoubi, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 2017, 7, 223-244]
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− | * [4][https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331281 Democratising Design in Scientific Innovation: Application of an Open Value Network to Open Source Hardware Design; Cumulus Working Papers 33/16: Cumulus Hong Kong 2016 – Open Design for E-very-thing, pp. 333-339.]
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− | * [5] [https://www.boell.de/en/2017/03/07/re-imagining-value-insights-care-economy-commons-cyberspace-and-nature Re-imagining Value: Insights from the Care Economy, Commons, Cyberspace and Nature]
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− | * [6] [https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/25288 Peer to Peer: The Commons Manifesto]
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− | * [7] [http://www.confrontations.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/1.Value-in-the-Commons-Economy_M.-Bauwens.pdf Value in the commons economy: Developments in open and contributory value accounting]
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| =Important sections= | | =Important sections= |