Open innovation
We also see terms like participatory, regenerative innovation.
The open culture sees open innovation as in open source development, an open and collaborative process that leads to the generation of new technologies that are not limited by intellectual property licenses, that are shared under some type of open source license. The open culture engages in open innovation and truly leverages collective intelligence. The process is stigmergic. The process takes place within online open communities (open source projects) and open innovation spaces (fablabs, makerspaces, hackerspaces, etc.).
The corporate culture sees open innovation as consortium innovation, a limited collaborative process that leads to the generation of new technology that is limited by intellectual property rights, shared intellectual property. This type of open innovation is more planned, market-driven and uses traditional R&D project management techniques. The process can be trans-sectorial, having more than one corporation and public institutions involved (universities) - public-private partnership. We call intermediary organizations new institutions can be seen as new innovation powerhouses, in the traditional world, that get funding from the state to facilitate connection and collaboration among firms, universities and other types of research labs. These organizations often set up other type of structures and organizations such as consortia, incubators, accelerators, clusters and even super-clusters.